Cyber incident reporting
Who must report a cyber incident, how fast, to which authority and with what penalties: the main regimes side by side, from the fastest to the slowest. Deadlines run from becoming aware of the incident unless stated otherwise, and apply only to incidents above the severity thresholds set by each law. This is a summary: the official text always prevails.
Data checked on 29 October 2026 against official sources. The text of the law always prevails. · Data as JSON (CC BY 4.0) · Download the table (CSV)
Sorted by shortest first deadline. Technical terms: see the glossary.
How to read the table
- Jurisdiction and regime
- Country or area, law and whether it applies yet
- Deadlines
- Counted from when the incident becomes known, unless stated otherwise
- Who must report
- The organisations the obligation applies to
- Reported to
- The authority or response team (CSIRT) that receives the report
- Penalties
- Fines or other consequences for failing to report
| Jurisdiction and regime | Deadlines | Who must report | Reported to | Penalties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country or area, law and whether it applies yet | Counted from when the incident becomes known, unless stated otherwise | The organisations the obligation applies to | The authority or response team (CSIRT) that receives the report | Fines or other consequences for failing to report |
| EcuadorOrganic Law for the Strengthening of Cybersecurity (2026)Applies from 22 May 2026First deadline: Immediately |
| Public entities and digital critical infrastructure operators, for incidents that compromise relevant systems or information or the continuity of essential services, or that may escalate or spread. | Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society (MINTEL) | Concealing significant incidents is a serious infringement and concealing critical incidents a very serious one; fines range from 0.1% to 1.5% of turnover for private and public companies and from 1 to 40 basic salaries for public officials. Notes: The duty is in Article 20-G of the Organic Law on Digital and Audiovisual Transformation, inserted by the law published in the Registro Oficial on 22 May 2026 and in force from that day. A notification made in good faith and on time cannot be used on its own as proof of negligence. Within six months of publication MINTEL must adopt the regulation on incident management and notification, together with the national CSIRT and without duplicating the channels of sectors that have a specialised supervisory body. |
| FranceNIS1 (Law 2018-133)In forceFirst deadline: Immediately |
| Operators of essential services (OES) and digital service providers. | National Cybersecurity Agency of France (ANSSI) | Fine of up to €75,000 for managers of operators of essential services who fail to declare an incident. Notes: The NIS2 transposition bill (on the resilience of critical infrastructure), adopted by the Senate in March 2025, still awaits its plenary debate in the National Assembly, which was withdrawn from the agenda on 6 October 2026 and has not yet been rescheduled; once adopted, the 24-hour, 72-hour and one-month scheme will apply. |
| MalaysiaCyber Security Act 2024 (Act 854)Applies from 26 August 2024First deadline: Immediately |
| Entities running national critical information infrastructure (NCII). | Chief Executive of the National Cyber Security Agency (NACSA) and NCII sector lead | Fine of up to RM500,000, imprisonment of up to 10 years, or both. Notes: The deadlines are set by the Cyber Security (Notification of Cyber Security Incident) Regulations 2024. |
| NigeriaCybercrimes Act 2015 (as amended in 2024)In forceFirst deadline: Immediately |
| Persons and institutions, public or private, operating a computer system or network, for attacks, intrusions and other disruptions liable to hinder the functioning of another computer system or network. | National Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) Coordination Center, through the sectoral CERTs or Security Operations Centres (SOC) | Failing to report within the deadline is an offence, punishable by denial of Internet services and a mandatory fine of NGN 2 million paid into the National Cyber Security Fund. Notes: The duty is in section 21 of the Act. The amendment signed on 28 February 2024 replaced the 7-day deadline from occurrence with 72 hours from detection and provided for reporting through sectoral CERTs or SOCs. |
| TürkiyeCyber Security Law No. 7545Applies from 19 March 2025First deadline: Immediately |
| Public bodies, critical infrastructure operators and those providing services or processing data through information systems, for incidents and vulnerabilities. | Cyber Security Presidency (Siber Güvenlik Başkanlığı) | Administrative fines, except for public administrations. |
| ChinaMeasures for Reporting Cybersecurity Incidents (2025)Applies from 1 November 2025First deadline: 1 hour |
| Network operators, for incidents rated relatively major or above; shorter deadlines for critical information infrastructure operators and for central and state bodies. | Provincial cyberspace administration (CAC); for critical infrastructure the protection department and public security; for central and state bodies their own cyberspace unit | Penalties under the Cybersecurity Law, the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law, heavier where late, missed, false or concealed reporting causes serious harm; timely reporting, together with adequate measures, can reduce or exclude liability. Notes: Measures of the Cyberspace Administration of 11 September 2025, in force since 1 November 2025 (Articles 4 and 8). For major and particularly major incidents, the body receiving the report must inform the national level within 30 minutes (critical infrastructure) or within 1 hour. Details that cannot be established within the deadlines may be supplied later; reports can also be made through the 12387 hotline. |
ItalyNational cybersecurity perimeter (Decree-Law 105/2019)In forceFirst deadline: 1 hour
|
| Administrations and operators included in the perimeter, for incidents affecting their listed ICT assets. | CSIRT Italia (National Cybersecurity Agency, ACN) | Administrative fine of €250,000 to €1,500,000 for failure to notify. Notes: Incident categories and deadlines are set by Prime Ministerial Decree 81/2021. Prime Ministerial Decree 111/2025, in force since 16 August 2025, added to table 1 a category for incidents caused by improper use of ICT assets, without changing the deadlines. |
| TaiwanCyber Security Management ActApplies from 1 December 2025First deadline: 1 hour |
| Government agencies and specific non-government agencies (critical infrastructure providers, state-owned enterprises and government-funded foundations). | Central competent authority in charge of the sector; for government agencies, the supervising agency and the Ministry of Digital Affairs | For specific non-government agencies that fail to report an incident, a fine of TWD 300,000 to 10 million, which can be repeated if they do not comply; for government personnel, disciplinary sanctions. Notes: The Act as revised in 2025 has been in force since 1 December 2025. The deadlines are set by the Regulations Governing the Reporting, Response and Drills for Cyber Security Incidents, amended on 5 January 2026. |
| SingaporeCybersecurity Act 2018In forceFirst deadline: 2 hours |
| Owners of critical information infrastructure (CII) and providers of essential services designated as responsible for third-party-owned CII; since 31 October 2025 also for incidents in the owner's other systems and in suppliers' systems connected to the CII. | Commissioner of Cybersecurity (Cyber Security Agency of Singapore) | Criminal penalties for failing to report; the 2024 reform also provides for civil penalties linked to turnover, which apply from the date set by the Minister by notification in the Gazette. Notes: Deadlines as set out by the Cyber Security Agency (CSA) for CII owners and for providers designated as responsible for third-party-owned CII. Since 31 October 2025, incidents suspected of being caused by advanced persistent threats (APTs) and incidents in the owner's systems not connected to the CII that disrupt the essential service must also be reported within 2 hours; for incidents in systems not connected to the CII there is also a consolidated quarterly report, due by the third working day after the end of the quarter. Since the same date CSA can designate systems of temporary cybersecurity concern (STCCs), whose owners must report incidents during the period specified. |
| ChileCybersecurity Framework Law 21.663Applies from 1 March 2025First deadline: 3 hours |
| Providers of essential services (PSE) and operators of vital importance (OIV). | National CSIRT (National Cybersecurity Agency, ANCI) | For missing the deadlines, a fine of up to 10,000 UTM for PSE and up to 20,000 UTM for OIV. Notes: The reporting procedure is governed by Supreme Decree 295/2024. The reporting duty (Article 9) and the penalties apply from 1 March 2025. The UTM is a Chilean inflation-indexed unit of account. |
| North MacedoniaLaw on Security of Network and Information Systems (2025)Applies from 1 January 2026First deadline: 3 hours |
| Essential and important entities (public institutions and companies in the sectors aligned with NIS2), for significant incidents and cyber threats; some sectors, such as water, waste, postal services and research, will only be covered from EU accession. | Competent CSIRT (MKD-CIRT at the Agency for Electronic Communications or, for executive bodies, MKD-GOV-CSIRT) | Fine of up to 2% of annual revenue for essential entities and up to 1.4% for important ones, and up to €5,000 for responsible persons and heads of public bodies; essential entities may also be temporarily banned from carrying out the activity. Penalties are imposed by the courts. Notes: The obligations are in Article 33 of the Law (Služben vesnik No 135 of 4 July 2025), which aligns with NIS2 and applies from 1 January 2026. Trust service providers report within 24 hours; users exposed to a serious threat must be informed by the next working day. If the notice reaches the competent authority instead, it forwards it to the CSIRT within two hours. |
| European UnionDORA (EU) 2022/2554Applies from 17 January 2025First deadline: 4 hours |
| Financial entities (banks, insurers, investment firms, payment institutions, crypto-asset service providers and others), for major ICT-related incidents. | Competent financial supervisory authority | Administrative penalties set by Member States and imposed by the supervisory authorities. Notes: The deadlines are set by Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/301. For financial entities DORA takes precedence over NIS2. |
| IndiaCERT-In Directions of 28 April 2022In forceFirst deadline: 6 hours |
| Service providers, intermediaries, data centres, body corporates and government organisations, for the listed incident types. | Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) | Imprisonment of up to one year or a fine of up to INR 100,000 (section 70B of the IT Act). |
| AustraliaSecurity of Critical Infrastructure Act 2018In forceFirst deadline: 12 hours |
| Responsible entities for critical infrastructure assets in eleven sectors (energy, communications, data storage and cloud, health, finance, transport and others). | Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD's ACSC) | Civil penalty of up to 50 penalty units. |
| Hong KongProtection of Critical Infrastructures (Computer Systems) Ordinance (Cap. 653)Applies from 1 January 2026First deadline: 12 hours |
| Designated operators of critical infrastructures in energy, information technology, banking and financial services, air, land and maritime transport, healthcare, telecommunications and broadcasting, and of infrastructures for critical societal or economic activities, for incidents on critical computer systems; Government departments are excluded. | Commissioner of Critical Infrastructure (Computer-system Security) | Fine of up to HK$5 million for failing to notify or report within the time limits; penalties apply only to the organisation, not to individual staff. Notes: The Ordinance has been in operation since 1 January 2026 and is enforced by the Commissioner's Office set up within the Security Bureau. If the first notice is not given in the specified form and way, it must be completed in that form within 48 hours. |
| European UnionNIS2 Directive (EU) 2022/2555In forceFirst deadline: 24 hours |
| Essential and important entities in the 18 sectors of Annexes I and II, under the national transposition laws. | National CSIRT or competent authority | Up to €10 million or 2% of worldwide annual turnover for essential entities; up to €7 million or 1.4% for important entities. Notes: This is the common EU scheme (Article 23); the actual obligations come from the national transposition laws, listed below for the countries covered. |
| European UnionCyber Resilience Act (EU) 2024/2847: exploited vulnerabilitiesApplies from 11 September 2026First deadline: 24 hours |
| Manufacturers of products with digital elements (hardware and software) made available in the EU, including those placed on the market before 2027, for any actively exploited vulnerability they contain. | CSIRT designated as coordinator in the Member State of main establishment, via ENISA's single reporting platform | Up to €15 million or 2.5% of worldwide annual turnover; penalty rules are laid down by each Member State. Notes: Article 14(2). The early warning and the notification run from when the manufacturer becomes aware of the vulnerability; users must be informed without undue delay, where possible in a machine-readable format. It applies from 11 September 2026, before the rest of the regulation (11 December 2027); since that date notifications are submitted through the Single Reporting Platform (SRP) run by ENISA, at portal.cra-srp.enisa.europa.eu. The situation in each Member State is on the CRA implementation page. |
| European UnionCyber Resilience Act (EU) 2024/2847: severe incidentsApplies from 11 September 2026First deadline: 24 hours |
| Manufacturers of products with digital elements made available in the EU, for severe incidents having an impact on the security of the product (for example a compromise of the development environment or of updates). | CSIRT designated as coordinator in the Member State of main establishment, via ENISA's single reporting platform | Up to €15 million or 2.5% of worldwide annual turnover; penalty rules are laid down by each Member State. Notes: Article 14(4). An incident is severe if it negatively affects, or is capable of affecting, the product's ability to protect data and functions, or has led to the introduction of malicious code. CRA reports do not replace NIS 2 reports where the manufacturer is also a NIS 2 entity. Since 11 September 2026 these notifications are also submitted through ENISA's Single Reporting Platform (SRP). |
| FinlandCRA (Act 439/2026)Applies from 11 September 2026First deadline: 24 hours |
| Manufacturers of products with digital elements, for actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents. | Traficom (NCSC-FI), via ENISA's single reporting platform | Administrative fines of up to €15 million or 2.5% of worldwide turnover for manufacturers; for breaches of the reporting obligations they apply from 11 September 2026. Notes: The deadlines are those of the regulation; the national law designates the authorities and lays down the penalties. |
| GermanyCRA (implementing bill)Applies from 11 September 2026First deadline: 24 hours |
| Manufacturers of products with digital elements, for actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents. | BSI (CSIRT), via ENISA's single reporting platform | Under the bill passed by the Bundestag, the BSI will be able to impose fines of up to €15 million or 2.5% of worldwide turnover from 11 December 2027; public bodies are excluded. Notes: The reporting obligations apply directly from 11 September 2026 and the BSI already coordinates reports as CSIRT. The implementing law, passed by the Bundestag on 15 October 2026, awaits the Bundesrat (next plenary sitting on 20 November 2026) and promulgation; its reporting provisions will enter into force the day after promulgation. |
| GermanyNIS2 (NIS2UmsuCG, BSIG)Applies from 6 December 2025First deadline: 24 hours |
| Particularly important and important entities (besonders wichtige and wichtige Einrichtungen) and critical infrastructure operators. | Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) | Up to €10 million or 2% of worldwide annual turnover for particularly important entities; up to €7 million or 1.4% for important entities. |
| GhanaDirective for the Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure (2021)Applies from 1 October 2021First deadline: 24 hours |
| Owners of critical information infrastructure designated under the Cybersecurity Act, 2020 (Act 1038), for all cybersecurity incidents and for vulnerabilities found through audits and assessments. | Sectoral CERT or, where there is none, the National CERT (CERT-GH) of the Cyber Security Authority | Criminal and administrative sanctions under section 92(2) of the Cybersecurity Act, 2020 and its Second Schedule. Notes: The duty is in paragraph 5.3 of the Directive, in force since 1 October 2021, which implements section 39(1) of Act 1038. The owner must also designate a point of contact for reports and for receiving security advisories. |
| ItalyCRA (draft legislative decree, AG 447)Applies from 11 September 2026First deadline: 24 hours |
| Manufacturers of products with digital elements, for actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents. | CSIRT Italia (ACN), via ENISA's single reporting platform | Those of the regulation (up to €15 million or 2.5% of worldwide turnover); under the draft decree each competent authority applies them under its own procedures. Notes: The reporting obligations apply directly from 11 September 2026. The draft decree (preliminary reading by the Council of Ministers on 2 October 2026; in the Chamber of Deputies the joint Constitutional Affairs and Transport Committees must give their opinion by 18 November 2026) designates ACN as notifying and market surveillance authority and also lets consumers report vulnerabilities and incidents to CSIRT Italia. |
ItalyNIS2 (Legislative Decree 138/2024)Applies from January 2026First deadline: 24 hours
|
| Essential and important entities on ACN's NIS list. | CSIRT Italia (National Cybersecurity Agency, ACN) | Up to €10 million or 2% of worldwide annual turnover for essential entities; up to €7 million or 1.4% for important entities. Notes: The reporting duty applies from January 2026 to entities already listed; for those added to the list in 2026, from 1 January 2027. |
| ItalyLaw 90/2024 (public administrations)In forceFirst deadline: 24 hours |
| Central administrations, regions and autonomous provinces, metropolitan cities, municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants and regional capitals, health authorities and other public bodies listed in the law. | National Cybersecurity Agency (ACN) | For repeated non-compliance, an administrative fine of €25,000 to €125,000. Notes: Entities covered by NIS2 follow the rules of Legislative Decree 138/2024. The incidents to report are those in the taxonomy adopted by ACN on 9 February 2026 (in force since 17 February 2026); a notification made under NIS2 also satisfies Law 90/2024. |
| LiechtensteinNIS2 (Cyber Security Act, CSG)Applies from 1 February 2025First deadline: 24 hours |
| Essential and important entities in the sectors listed in the annexes to the Act, for significant incidents. | Stabsstelle Cyber-Sicherheit (SCS) | Up to CHF 10 million or 2% of worldwide turnover for essential entities; up to CHF 7 million or 1.4% for important entities. The maximums are halved for negligence; no fines are imposed on bodies of the State's public administration. Notes: The duty is laid down in Article 6 of the Act, in force since 1 February 2025; the NIS2 Directive applies there as national law until it is incorporated into the EEA Agreement. Where sector legislation provides for a notification with at least equivalent criteria, that one applies and its recipient forwards it without delay to the Stabsstelle Cyber-Sicherheit. Affected service recipients must also be informed without delay. |
| MontenegroLaw on Information Security (2024)Applies from 5 December 2024First deadline: 24 hours |
| Public bodies, companies and other entities that use and manage network and information systems, for threats and incidents that could significantly affect the continuity of their services. | Cyber Security Agency or, for state administration bodies, the state administration CIRT | Fine of €500 to €5,000 for the legal person and €30 to €1,500 for the responsible person; for repeated breaches, a ban on exercising the profession, activity or duty for three to six months. Notes: The obligations are in Articles 28-34 of the Law (Službeni list CG 113/2024), in force since 5 December 2024 and aligned with NIS2. The incident level (low, medium or high) is set by the Agency or the CIRT after the initial notification; while the incident lasts, reports follow every 72 hours for medium-level incidents and every 24 hours for high-level ones. Threats and incidents with no impact on service continuity are reported in a monthly report. |
| NorwayDigital Security Act (digitalsikkerhetsloven)Applies from 1 October 2025First deadline: 24 hours |
| Providers of essential services (energy, transport, health, drinking water, banking and financial markets, digital infrastructure) and digital service providers other than small enterprises, for incidents with a significant impact on their services. | Sector supervisory authority, with a copy to the Norwegian National Security Authority (NSM) | Administrative fine (overtredelsesgebyr) of up to 25 times the national insurance basic amount (G) or, for companies, up to 4% of annual turnover if higher, but never more than NOK 50 million. Notes: The deadlines are set by § 17 of the Digital Security Regulation (digitalsikkerhetsforskriften) of 20 June 2025, in force together with the Act since 1 October 2025; the Act requires notification without undue delay. NSM is the national single point of contact and the national incident response centre. The Act implements Directive (EU) 2016/1148 (NIS) under the EEA Agreement. |
| SerbiaLaw on Information Security (2025)In forceFirst deadline: 24 hours |
| Operators of ICT systems of special importance (priority and important), for incidents that may significantly affect information security and for near misses that pose a serious threat. | Single incident notification system (website of the competent ministry or of the Information Security Office); National Bank of Serbia, Securities Commission and RATEL for their sectors | For failing to notify, to inform users or to send reports, a fine of RSD 50,000 to 500,000 for the legal person and RSD 5,000 to 50,000 for the responsible person; for banks and financial markets the National Bank of Serbia acts under sector rules. Notes: The obligations are in Articles 13, 14 and 24 of the Law, in force since 31 October 2025; for operators designated under the 2016 law, the old obligations remained in force until 31 December 2025. While the incident lasts, reports must be sent every three days for medium-level incidents and every 24 hours for high- and very high-level ones; affected users must be informed without delay. The Information Security Office starts operating on 1 January 2027; until then its tasks are carried out by the Office for Information Technologies and eGovernment and, for the national CERT, by RATEL. |
| SwitzerlandInformation Security Act (ISA)Applies from 1 April 2025First deadline: 24 hours |
| Critical infrastructure operators, including public authorities, energy and water suppliers, hospitals, banks, insurers and telecom and transport operators. | Federal Office for Cybersecurity (FOCS) | Fine of up to CHF 100,000 from 1 October 2025. |
| United StatesCIRCIA (2022)Not yet operationalFirst deadline: 24 hours |
| Critical infrastructure entities defined by CISA's implementing rule. | Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) | CISA can request information, issue subpoenas and refer cases to the Department of Justice for civil action. Notes: The obligations start only with CISA's final rule, which the Fall 2025 federal regulatory agenda scheduled for September 2026. On 1 October 2026 the final rule was submitted for review to the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), a review still under way in late October 2026, so the rule has not yet been published in the Federal Register. In 2026 CISA held town hall meetings to refine the scope and burden of the 2024 proposal. |
| PeruDigital Trust Framework Regulation (Supreme Decree 126-2025-PCM)Applies from February 2026First deadline: 48 hours |
| Public entities and digital service providers in finance, basic services (electricity, water and gas), health and passenger transport, as well as internet service providers, providers of critical activities and online education services. | National Digital Security Centre (CNSD) | – Notes: The obligations are in Articles 18 and 32 of the Regulation, published on 4 November 2025 and in force 90 days later, in early February 2026. Deadlines for the other levels are set by the incident classification of the Secretariat of Government and Digital Transformation (SGTD-PCM). Personal data breaches must also be notified to the data protection authority (ANPD). |
| AustraliaCyber Security Act 2024 (ransomware payments)Applies from 29 May 2025First deadline: 72 hours |
| Businesses with annual turnover above AUD 3 million and responsible entities for critical infrastructure that make a ransom payment. | Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) | Civil penalty of up to 60 penalty units. Notes: Part 3 of the Act, which contains the obligation, commenced on 29 May 2025, at the end of the six months from Royal Assent (29 November 2024). The turnover threshold and the content of the report are set by the Cyber Security (Ransomware Payment Reporting) Rules 2025. |
| CanadaCritical Cyber Systems Protection Act (S.C. 2026, c. 9)Not yet operationalFirst deadline: 72 hours |
| Designated operators of vital services and systems under federal jurisdiction (telecommunications, interprovincial pipelines and power lines, nuclear energy, federal transportation, banks and clearing and settlement systems). | Communications Security Establishment (CSE) | Administrative monetary penalties of up to CAD 500,000 for individuals and up to CAD 15 million for others. Notes: Part 2 of the Act, which received Royal Assent on 15 June 2026, will come into force by order of the Governor in Council, and regulations will set the exact deadline. Immediately after reporting to the CSE, the operator must also notify the appropriate regulator. |
| United KingdomNIS Regulations 2018In forceFirst deadline: 72 hours |
| Operators of essential services (energy, transport, health, water, digital infrastructure) and relevant digital service providers. | Sector competent authority; Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) for digital service providers | Up to £17 million. Notes: The Cyber Security and Resilience (Network and Information Systems) Bill, which amends these rules, provides for an initial notification within 24 hours and a full one within 72 hours, also to the NCSC. It completed report stage in the House of Lords on 26 October 2026 and third reading is set for 2 November 2026, followed by any consideration of amendments in the Commons and Royal Assent. |
| United StatesSEC cybersecurity disclosure rules (Form 8-K, Item 1.05)Applies from 18 December 2023First deadline: 4 days |
| Issuers subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, for cybersecurity incidents that are material to investors; foreign private issuers use Form 6-K instead. | Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | The rule sets no penalties of its own. Late filing alone does not cost eligibility for Form S-3 and falls within a limited safe harbor from liability under Rule 10b-5. Notes: Materiality must be determined without unreasonable delay after discovery of the incident; information not available at the time is added by amending the Form 8-K within 4 business days after it becomes available. Disclosure may be delayed if the US Attorney General determines that it poses a substantial risk to national security or public safety. Compliance required from 18 December 2023 and, for smaller reporting companies, from 15 June 2024. |
| JapanActive Cyber Defense Act (Act No. 42 of 2025)Applies from 1 October 2026First deadline: 30 days |
| Operators of essential infrastructure designated under the Economic Security Promotion Act, for attacks (or signs of them) on the important computers linked to their critical facilities. | Minister in charge of the business sector and Prime Minister | The minister may order the report to be filed or corrected; breach of the order is punishable by a fine of up to ¥2 million, which can also be imposed on the company. Notes: The duty is set by Article 5 of the Act and detailed in Article 4 of the joint ministerial ordinance No. 4 of 28 May 2026, both in force since 1 October 2026. Events occurring within six months of the operator's designation, among others, need not be reported. |
| SpainNIS1 (Royal Decree-Law 12/2018)In forceFirst deadline: Without undue delay |
| Operators of essential services and digital service providers, for incidents with significant disruptive effects. | Reference CSIRT (INCIBE-CERT, CCN-CERT or ESPDEF-CERT) | Up to €1 million for very serious infringements. Notes: The preliminary draft NIS2 transposition law (Ley de Coordinación y Gobernanza de la Ciberseguridad), approved at first reading by the Council of Ministers on 14 January 2025, was never sent to the Cortes, which were dissolved on 6 October 2026 with elections on 29 November 2026; transposition therefore passes to the new legislature, and Royal Decree-Law 12/2018 remains in force meanwhile. |